Contemporary Drawing Biennials Draw Global Crowds
January 14, 2026
Modern Indian art represents the evolution of artistic expression in India during the late 19th and 20th centuries, a period marked by social change, colonial influence, and the emergence of a national identity. Unlike traditional art that was closely tied to religion and royal patronage, modern Indian art is more individualistic, experimental, and global in its approach. It bridges the gap between India’s rich cultural past and the dynamic realities of the modern world.
Modern Indian art began during British colonial rule. The establishment of art schools in cities like Calcutta (now Kolkata), Bombay (now Mumbai), and Madras (now Chennai) led to the formal training of Indian artists in Western styles such as realism and oil painting. The British academic art style heavily influenced early modern Indian painters, who started to experiment with perspective, shading, and anatomy in their work.
One of the pioneers of modern Indian art was Raja Ravi Varma. He combined European techniques with Indian subjects, especially mythological scenes. His paintings of gods and goddesses in realistic human form became very popular and made art accessible to the masses through lithographic prints.
In the early 20th century, a movement known as the Bengal School of Art emerged, led by Abanindranath Tagore, a nephew of poet Rabindranath Tagore. The Bengal School rejected Western academic realism and sought to revive traditional Indian art forms like Mughal miniatures, Rajput painting, and Far Eastern styles. This movement was deeply connected with the spirit of nationalism and the Swadeshi movement, aiming to create an art form that was uniquely Indian.
Artists like Nandalal Bose, Kshitindranath Majumdar, and Asit Kumar Haldar carried this movement forward, laying the foundation for modern Indian aesthetics.
After India’s independence in 1947, artists began to explore new themes, media, and methods. The focus shifted from tradition and nationalism to individuality, abstraction, and global relevance.
Modern Indian art has evolved into a diverse and dynamic field. Artists today experiment with digital media, installation art, and conceptual art, addressing contemporary issues like identity, politics, environment, and globalization.
Prominent names in contemporary Indian art include Subodh Gupta, Bharti Kher, and Anish Kapoor, who have gained international recognition. Their works reflect not only Indian themes but also global concerns, showing the reach and relevance of Indian creativity in the modern world.
Modern Indian art is a blend of tradition and innovation. It reflects the journey of India through colonialism, independence, and globalization. From the realistic paintings of Raja Ravi Varma to the bold expressions of contemporary artists, modern Indian art continues to grow as a powerful medium of expression and identity.
